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1.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 58: e20153, 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1403758

ABSTRACT

Abstract To evaluate the prevalence of self-reported drug adherence and factors associated, as well as clinical health outcomes, for industry workers with hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM). This was a cross-sectional study of 137 Brazilian industry workers with HTN and/ or DM. Self-reported adherence was assessed, and the disease control was defined through blood pressure and capillary glycemia values. Data were descriptively analyzed and the factors associated with adherence were evaluated using the Poisson model with robust variance to calculate prevalence ratios. The prevalence of self-reported drug adherence was 79.6% and the prevalence of disease control was 53.8%. There was no statistically significant association between the two variables. In the controlled disease group, non-adherence was associated with being under 40 years of age, not having a partner, and having a risky alcohol consumption habit. In the uncontrolled disease group, adherence was highest for participants aged 40 years and older. The prevalence of self-reported drug adherence was high, but the prevalence of disease control was low and not associated with adherence, indicating that the self-reported adherence measure may be inaccurate. Our findings identify some factors that explain non-adherent behavior in the workforce.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy , Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Hypertension/drug therapy , Industry , Brazil , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Self Report
2.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 26(8): 2997-3004, ago. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1285971

ABSTRACT

Abstract Blood pressure measurements taken in a clinical setting are subject to errors, therefore there are advantages to monitoring blood pressure at home, especially in in patients diagnosed with hypertension. The study describes the feasibility of home monitoring to assess blood pressure in primary care and compares blood pressure measured at home and during a medical consultation. This cross-sectional study was carried out with patients whose used home blood pressure in the morning and evening, thrice for seven consecutive day sat home. Participants included patients older than 18 years with suspected whitecoat hypertension, taking antihypertensives, or those intolerant of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and excluded patients who did not follow the protocol, suffered from an irregular heart rate, and pregnant women. Of the 134 patients who participated in the study, 63.3% had altered blood pressure when measured at health facilities and 48% had higher blood pressure at home. The mean difference between the methods was 10.1 mmHg for systolic and 4.3 mmHg for diastolic. The prevalence of whitecoat hypertension was 19.4%. Blood pressure monitoring at home is a practicable strategy in the Brazilian healthcare system.


Resumo A medição da pressão arterial no consultório está sujeita a erros; assim, a monitorização residencial da pressão arterial é utilizada para o monitoramento e diagnóstico da hipertensão. Descrever a viabilidade da monitorização residencial para avaliar a pressão arterial na atenção primária e comparar os valores da pressão arterial através da monitorização residencial e medida de consultório. Estudo transversal realizado com pacientes que utilizaram a monitorização residencial pela manhã e pela noite, em triplicata por sete dias consecutivos em domicílio. Foram incluídos pacientes maiores de 18 anos, com suspeita de hipertensão do avental branco, utilizando anti-hipertensivos ou intolerantes a monitorização ambulatorial. Foram excluídos pacientes que não seguiram o protocolo, aqueles que apresentavam ritmo cardíaco irregular ou mulheres grávidas. 134 pacientes participaram do estudo, 63,3% apresentaram pressão arterial alteradas em consultório e 48% pela monitorização residencial. A diferença média dos métodos foi de 10,1 mmHg para sistólica e 4,3 mmHg para diastólica. A prevalência de hipertensão do avental branco foi 19,4%. A monitorização residencial da pressão arterial no sistema de saúde brasileiro provou ser uma estratégia viável.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory , Hypertension/diagnosis , Hypertension/epidemiology , Primary Health Care , Blood Pressure , Feasibility Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Circadian Rhythm
3.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 67(2): 200-206, Feb. 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1287828

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular risk stratification is an important clinical practice to estimate the severity of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to compare the stratification of global cardiovascular risk with the specific risk stratification for patients with type 2 diabetes, seen at specialized outpatient clinics, and to evaluate possible differences in diagnoses and treatments. METHODS: A total of 122 patients with type 2 diabetes treated at two specialized outpatient clinics, from 2017 to 2019, were studied. The cardiovascular risk stratification calculators, global risk score, Cardiovascular Risk Stratification Calculator, and United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study-Risk Engine, were used to calculate the risk of death from cardiovascular disease. The agreement between these calculators was analyzed using the kappa index. The indications for the use of statins and acetylsalicylic acid for the group studied were evaluated according to the Brazilian Diabetes Society Guideline. RESULTS: There was a low degree of agreement among the three risk calculators. The global risk score calculator showed insignificant agreement with the Cardiovascular Risk Stratification Calculator (kappa=0.0816; p=0.0671). There was no agreement between the global risk score calculator and United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study-Risk Engine (kappa=-0.099), or between the Cardiovascular Risk Stratification Calculator and United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study-Risk Engine (kappa=-0.0095). CONCLUSION: The substantial disagreements among the cardiovascular risk calculators may lead to different diagnoses and may consequently influence therapeutic strategies. The findings herein highlight the need for specific validated cardiovascular risk calculators for patients with DM2 that can reliably estimate risk in these individuals.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Risk Assessment , Heart Disease Risk Factors
4.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 37(11): e00298320, 2021. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1350399

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se estimar a prevalência de hipertensão arterial, como principal marcador de doença crônica não transmissível (DCNT), e identificar os fatores modificáveis associados, em trabalhadores homens. Foram utilizados dados da linha de base de um estudo longitudinal com uma amostra de 1.024 trabalhadores homens com 18 anos ou mais de um município do Nordeste do Brasil. O marcador de DCNT foi a hipertensão arterial, definida por pressão arterial sistólica ≥ 140mmHg e/ou pressão arterial diastólica ≥ 90mmHg e/ou diagnóstico prévio de hipertensão arterial e/ou uso de medicamentos anti-hipertensivos. Empregou-se a regressão de Poisson com variância robusta, adotando a entrada hierárquica de variáveis. Foram calculadas frações atribuíveis populacionais (FAP) para as variáveis de estilo de vida, a fim de dimensionar o impacto dos fatores modificáveis na saúde dos trabalhadores. A prevalência da hipertensão arterial nesta população foi de 28,6% (IC95%: 25,9-31,5), os fatores distais: idade > 40 anos, cor da pele preta e renda familiar ≥ 3 salários mínimos; fatores intermediários: consumo abusivo de álcool, consumo de tabaco, percepção de um consumo elevado de sal e inatividade física e o fator proximal: sobrepeso e obesidade associaram-se positivamente com a hipertensão arterial. O cálculo da FAP permitiu observar que se ocorresse a redução ou eliminação de hábitos e comportamentos relacionados ao estilo de vida deste público, reduziria em 56,1% a prevalência da DCNT estudada. A identificação de fatores modificáveis e como estes podem interferir negativamente na saúde de trabalhadores homens possibilita o planejamento de intervenções no próprio local de trabalho, a fim de alcançar o maior número de indivíduos, visando reduzir os efeitos deletérios das DCNT.


The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of arterial hypertension as the principal marker of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and to identify associated modifiable factors in male workers. Baseline data were used from a longitudinal study with a sample of 1,024 male workers 18 years or older in a municipality in Northeast Brazil. The marker for NCDs was arterial hypertension, defined as systolic pressure ≥ 140mmHg and/or diastolic pressure ≥ 90mmHg and/or prior diagnosis of arterial hypertension and/or use of antihypertensive medication. Poisson regression with robust variance was used, adopting hierarchical entry of variables. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated for the lifestyle variables to measure the impact of modifiable factors on workers' health. Prevalence of hypertension was 28.6% (95%CI: 25.9-31.5). Distal factors associated with hypertension were age > 40 years, black skin color, and family income ≥ 3 times the monthly minimum wage. Intermediate factors were alcohol abuse, smoking, high self-rated salt intake, and physical inactivity. Proximal factors were overweight and obesity. Calculation of PAFs showed that a reduction or elimination of unhealthy lifestyle habits and behaviors in this population group would reduce the prevalence of the target NCD, hypertension, by 56.1%. The identification of modifiable factors and the ways they can negatively impact male workers' health allows planning interventions in the workplace itself to reach the largest number of individuals, aimed at reducing the harmful effects of NCDs.


El objetivo fue estimar la prevalencia de hipertensão arterial, como principal marcador de enfermedad crónica no transmisible (ECNT), así como identificar factores modificables asociados, en hombres trabajadores. Se utilizaron datos de la línea de base, procedentes de un estudio longitudinal, con una muestra de 1.024 hombres trabajadores con 18 años o más de un municipio del Nordeste de Brasil. El marcador de ECNT fue la hipertensão arterial, definida por presión arterial sistólica ≥ 140mmHg y/o presión arterial diastólica ≥ 90mmHg y/o diagnóstico previo de hipertensão arterial y/o uso de medicamentos antihipertensivos. Se empleó la regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta, adoptando la entrada jerárquica de variables. Se calcularon fracciones atribuibles poblacionales (FAP) en las variables de estilo de vida, a fin de dimensionar el impacto de los factores modificables en la salud de los trabajadores. La prevalencia de la hipertensão arterial en esta población fue de 28,6% (IC95%: 25,9-31,5), los factores distales: edad > 40 años, color de piel negra y renta familiar ≥ 3 salarios mínimos; factores intermedios: consumo abusivo de alcohol, consumo de tabaco, percepción de un consumo elevado de sal e inactividad física y el factor proximal: sobrepeso y obesidad se asociaron positivamente con la hipertensão arterial. El cálculo de la FAP permitió observar que, si se produjese una reducción o eliminación de hábitos y comportamientos relacionados con el estilo de vida de este público, se reduciría en un 56,1% la prevalencia de la ECNT estudiada. La identificación de factores modificables y cómo pueden interferir negativamente en la salud de hombres trabajadores posibilita la planificación de intervenciones en el propio lugar de trabajo, con el fin de alcanzar al mayor número de individuos para reducir los efectos mortíferos de las ECNT.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Noncommunicable Diseases/epidemiology , Hypertension/diagnosis , Hypertension/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Longitudinal Studies , Overweight
5.
Geriatr., Gerontol. Aging (Online) ; 14(4): 294-297, 31-12-2020.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1151617

ABSTRACT

Prescribing medications involves complex cognitive processes, and mistakes in prescription can cause serious adverse events. Deprescribing is one of the last opportunities to prevent patient harm from the use of drugs that should be avoided, especially among older patients. This viewpoint article aims to discuss the prescription process and some essential concepts, such as polypharmacy, prescription of potentially inappropriate medications, and, particularly, the relevance of deprescribing and its relationship with the appropriate prescription of medications in older people.


A prescrição de medicamentos envolve processos cognitivos complexos e erros na prescrição podem causar eventos adversos graves. A desprescrição é uma das últimas oportunidades de prevenir danos ao paciente decorrentes do uso de medicamentos que devem ser evitados, principalmente entre pacientes mais velhos. Este artigo teve como objetivo discutir o processo de prescrição e alguns conceitos essenciais, como a polifarmácia, a prescrição de medicamentos potencialmente inadequados e, particularmente, a relevância da desprescrição e sua relação com a prescrição adequada de medicamentos em idosos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Polypharmacy , Prescription Drugs/administration & dosage , Deprescriptions , Drug Prescriptions , Pharmaceutical Preparations
7.
Rev. APS ; 14(3): 258-265, jul.-set. 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-621431

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: analisar o acesso a medicamentos potencialmenteinapropriados para idosos no sistema de saúde brasileiro,de acordo com os Critérios de Beers. Métodos: Foi realizadauma análise da lista da Relação Nacional de MedicamentosEssenciais (RENAME) de 2010 e da lista de medicamentoscontidos no componente básico da assistência farmacêutica.Estas duas relações foram comparadas com os medicamentospresentes na atualização dos critérios de Beers de 2003.Os dados foram analisados por medicamento específico ougrupo farmacológico. Resultados: 9% dos medicamentoscontidos na RENAME 2010 e 19,7% da relação de medicamentosda Assistência Farmacêutica Básica (AFB) foramconsiderados potencialmente inapropriados para idosos, deacordo com os critérios de Beers. Conclusão: A RENAME2010 e a relação de medicamentos da AFB apresentam umaproporção significativa de medicamentos potencialmenteinapropriados para idosos.


Objectives: To analyze the access of Brazilian elders to potentially inappropriate medications according to Beerscriteria. Methods: We analyzed the 2010 version of the National List of Essential Drugs (Relação Nacional de Medicamentos Essenciais - RENAME) and the list of medications contained in the basic component of phar-maceutical assistance. The two lists were compared with the drugs present in the 2003 update of Beers criteria. The data were analyzed by specific drugs or pharmacological groups. Results: 9% of the medications contained in the RENAME and 19.7% of those in the basic pharmaceutical assistance list were deemed potentially inappropriate for use by elders, according to Beers criteria. Conclusion: The RENAME and the list of medications contained in the basic component of pharmaceutical assistance include a significant proportion of potentially inappropriate drugs for use by elders


Subject(s)
Health of the Elderly , Drug Utilization , Primary Health Care , Inappropriate Prescribing , Drug Misuse
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